D. Canola Presscake and By-Products
The versatility of canola as a feed ingredient is seen in the numerous forms in which it can be fed. Each form meal, oil, full fat or presscake imparts different characteristics. A brief sketch of the lesser known products and applications is contained in this section.
The use of canola presscake in swine diets offers advantages over the use of either canola meal or full fat canola. Presscake is derived after flaking, cooking and expeller processing of the seed but before the solvent extraction stage. The first stage sufficiently inactivates myrosinase (0.65% of corresponding seed) and the remaining cake has a higher oil content than regular canola meal (Keith and Bell (1991 {1784}). Composition of canola presscake can be found in Table 6 and Table 7. The higher energy content of presscake as compared to canola meal is desirable for hog feeding. Lower in fat than whole seed, canola presscake also has a lower content of linoleic and linolenic acids, which are responsible for oxidative susceptibility of carcass fat (Schone et al. 1996 {1605}). Digestibility of presscake was moderate. Keith and Bell (1991 {1784}) noted no palatability problems when feeding 0, 20 or 400g kg-1 canola presscake to grower pigs. When fed at levels up to 150g kg -1 to grower - finisher pigs feed intake, live weight gain and feed efficiency were not affected. However liver and thyroid weights increased (Schone et al. 1996 {1605}).
The variety of canola products available for pigs
is indicative of its suitability as a feed ingredient for these
animals. Performance of pigs is maintained when diets are balanced
on an ileal digestibility basis and attention is paid to energy
levels. Definite cost advantages can be had by canola inclusion
in the diet.
| Table 6 Chemical composition and apparent fecal digestibility of canola presscake
(100% DM) | ||||
| Canadian canola presscake | German rapeseed presscake | |||
| Composition | Apparent fecal digestibility | Composition | Apparent fecal digestibility | |
| Pig Weight | 45 kg | 86.7 kg | ||
| Dry matter % | 100 | 71 | 90.4 | |
| Gross energy MJ/kg | 23.92 | 75 | ||
| ME MJ/kg | 14.14 | |||
| Crude Protein % | 34.10 | 75 | 32.1 | 68.5 |
| Ether extract % | 21.21 | 18.0 | 78.4 | |
| Glucosinolates
umol g-1 | 35.78 | 18.5 | ||
| Crude fibre % | 10.2 | 14.7 | ||
| ADF % | 19.7 | 19.3 | ||
| NDF % | 27.7 | 37.9 | ||
| Reference | {1784} | {1784} | {1605} | {1605} |
| Table | 2 | 8 | 2 | 4 |
| Table 7 Amino acid composition of canola presscake (100% DM) | |||
| Indispensable amino acids | Dispensable amino acids | ||
| Arginine | 2.67 | Alanine | 1.89 |
| Histidine | 1.54 | Asparic acid | 3.34 |
| Isoleucine | 1.87 | Cysteine | 1.24 |
| Leucine | 3.03 | Glutamic acid | 8.26 |
| Lysine | 2.59 | Glycine | 2.22 |
| Methionine | 0.86 | Proline | 2.56 |
| Phenylalanine | 1.74 | Serine | 1.99 |
| Threonine | 1.94 | Tyrosine | 1.29 |
| Tryptophan | 0.52 | ||
| Valine | 2.33 | ||
| Reference | {1784} | Table 5 | |